August eiciiiiorx



(No Model.)

A. EIOI-IHORN. HYDROMETER.

No. 442,962. I Patented Dec. 16, 1890.

WZfiaWm Zia/anion V ,5? I A v I TYE NORRS PETER CO PHOTO LIYNOWASHINGTON D C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST EIOIIHORN, or DRESDEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T HIMSELF AND RICHARDFASPERT, or SAME PLACE.

HYDROMETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 442,962, dated December16, 1890.

Application filed April 30, 1890. Serial No. 350,082. (No model.)Patented in Germany June 1, 1889, No. 49,683.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, AUGUST EIOHHORN, mechanic, of Dresden, No. 6 SeilerStreet, a citizen of Germany, residing at Dresden, in the Kingdom ofSaxony, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSpecific-Gravity Instruments, (for whichI have obtained apatent inGermany, No. 49,683, dated June 1, 1889;) and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates to an improvement in instruments for ascertainingthe specific gravity of liquids and gases; and it consists in ahydrometer provided with a permanent picnometer-fiask having on one sidea glassstopper-ed funnel that is counterbalanced on the opposite side ofsaid flask by a projection cast onto the said flask, so that theinstrument will float in an upright position.

The invention is illustrated in the annexed drawings, in which- Figure 1is an elevation of my improved specific-gravity instrument. Figs. 2, 3,and 4: are views of the stem only, showing how it may be graduated forspecific weights either lighter or heavier than water, or for bothtogether.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 1 designates a graduated stem, onthe lower end of which is a float 2, from which depends a picnometer orthin glass flask 3 of a certain definite capacity. Beneath the flask 3and connected therewith is a bulb 4, containing mercury or othersuitable material to weight the instrument and cause it to sink adefinite distance in distilled water at normal temperature.

The picnometer-fiask 3 is an inclosed glass shell having nocommunication with the other parts of the instrument, and isto be completely filled with the liquid or gas to be tested. In order to giveaccess to the interior of this flask 3, it is provided on one side witha glass stoppered nozzle or funnel 5, which is counterbalanced on theopposite side of the flask by a solid projection or dropeye 6, that iscast onto the glass for the pur- 5o pose of causing the instrument tofloat upright. The entire instrument is preferably made of glass, thoughit may be constructed wholly or in part of light sheet metal or othersuitable material.

The divisions of the scale on the stem 1 may be graduated for specificweights less than one, (water,) as shown in Fig. 1, or for weightsgreater than one, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, or for both, as shown inFig. 4. The instrument may be graduated according to any well-knownscale with distilled water at, say, 15 centigrade as a standard.

In using the instrument to determine the specific gravity of smallquantities of liquid or gas, the flask 3 is filled with the fluid underexamination and the hermetically-fittin g glass stopper is theninserted, so that no airbubbles will be formed. On now immersing theentire instrument in distilled water, the specific gravity of which inthe picnometer is of greater specific gravity than water, the instrumentwill sink to a greater depth than the point on the scale indicating thespecific gravity of water, while if the fluid-under examination hasa'specific gravity less than water the instrument will not sink so far.As the water in which the instrument is immersed and the fluid in thepicnometer are at substantially the same temperature, no troublesomecalculations are needed, and the specific gravity can be read ofi atonce from the scale.

This instrument is especially adapted to the examination of smallquantities of liquid in which an ordinary hydrometer could not beimmersed. It is also adapted to the examination of gases, of corrosiveacids that require to be inclosed in a glass vessel, and of lightpowders and other materials that 0 would readily dissolve and be lost ittested by ordinary means.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. The herein-described specificgravity instrument, consisting of the hydrometer hav ing thepicnometer-flask 3, depending from the float and provided on one sidewith a ing from said flask, substantially as shown stoppered nozzle,substantially as shown and and described.

described. In testimony whereof I affix my signature in 2. Theherein-described specific-gravity inpresence of two witnesses.

5 strument, consisting of the graduated stem AUGUST EICIIIIORN.

1, the float 2, the picnometer-flask 3, depending from said float andprovided with the stoppered nozzle 5, and the weight 4, depend-Witnesses:

CARL FR. REIOHELL, PAUL DRUCKMULLER.

